Skincare
Evidence-based skincare information from the American Academy of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, and other medical authorities.
Sun Protection
CriticalSource: American Academy of Dermatology
- The AAD recommends using a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher every day
- Sunscreen should be applied 15 minutes before going outdoors
- Reapplication is recommended every 2 hours, or immediately after swimming or sweating
- One ounce (enough to fill a shot glass) is needed to cover exposed areas of the body
- UV rays can penetrate clouds; sun protection is needed even on cloudy days
- The sun's rays are strongest between 10 AM and 2 PM
Cleansing
Source: American Academy of Dermatology
The AAD recommends washing your face twice daily and after sweating
Use lukewarm water; hot water can strip the skin of natural oils
Choose a gentle, non-abrasive cleanser that does not contain alcohol
Avoid scrubbing skin, as this can cause irritation
Pat skin dry with a clean towel rather than rubbing
Apply moisturizer while skin is still damp to lock in hydration
Moisturizing
Source: Mayo Clinic
Moisturizers work by trapping water in the skin, which helps reduce dryness
The best time to apply moisturizer is right after bathing when skin is damp
Thicker products (creams, ointments) are generally more effective than lotions
Ingredients like hyaluronic acid, glycerin, and ceramides help attract and retain moisture
People with oily skin can benefit from lightweight, oil-free moisturizers
Moisturizing needs may change with seasons, age, and environment
Understanding Skin Types
Identifying your skin type can help guide product selection.
Normal
Characteristics: Balanced oil production, few imperfections, small pores
Focus on maintaining skin health with basic routine
Dry
Characteristics: Tightness, rough texture, visible flaking, dull appearance
The AAD recommends fragrance-free, cream-based products
Oily
Characteristics: Enlarged pores, shiny appearance, prone to blackheads
Non-comedogenic products are recommended to avoid clogging pores
Combination
Characteristics: Oily T-zone (forehead, nose, chin) with dry cheeks
May benefit from using different products on different areas
Sensitive
Characteristics: Easily irritated, prone to redness, stinging, or burning
The AAD recommends patch testing new products and avoiding fragrances
Common Skin Concerns
Acne
Source: American Academy of Dermatology
- •Acne is the most common skin condition in the United States
- •Over-the-counter products containing benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, or adapalene can be effective
- •The AAD notes that it can take 4-6 weeks to see improvement from new treatments
- •Touching, picking, or squeezing acne can worsen inflammation and cause scarring
- •A dermatologist can provide prescription treatments for moderate to severe acne
Hyperpigmentation
Source: American Academy of Dermatology
- •Hyperpigmentation occurs when patches of skin become darker than surrounding skin
- •Sun protection is essential, as UV exposure can worsen dark spots
- •Ingredients studied for hyperpigmentation include vitamin C, niacinamide, and azelaic acid
- •Results from topical treatments typically take several weeks to months to appear
- •A dermatologist can evaluate persistent hyperpigmentation and discuss treatment options
Rosacea
Source: National Rosacea Society
- •Rosacea is a chronic condition affecting an estimated 16 million Americans
- •Common triggers include sun exposure, stress, hot weather, wind, and certain foods
- •The National Rosacea Society recommends identifying and avoiding personal triggers
- •Gentle skincare products formulated for sensitive skin are generally recommended
- •Medical treatments are available; a dermatologist can provide a proper diagnosis
Common Skincare Ingredients
What research and medical authorities say about popular ingredients.
Retinoids
Source: American Academy of Dermatology
The AAD recognizes retinoids as effective for acne and has noted studies showing benefits for photoaged skin. May cause irritation; gradual introduction is typically recommended.
Vitamin C
Source: Cleveland Clinic
An antioxidant that has been studied for its potential to brighten skin and address uneven skin tone. Formulation stability varies among products.
Hyaluronic Acid
Source: Cleveland Clinic
A humectant naturally found in skin that can hold up to 1000 times its weight in water. Used in skincare to help skin retain moisture.
Niacinamide
Source: National Institutes of Health
A form of vitamin B3 that has been studied for various skin benefits including supporting the skin barrier and addressing uneven skin tone.
Salicylic Acid
Source: FDA
An FDA-approved over-the-counter active ingredient for treating acne. A beta hydroxy acid (BHA) that can penetrate into pores.
Ceramides
Source: National Eczema Association
Lipids naturally found in the skin barrier. The National Eczema Association notes ceramide-containing moisturizers may help restore the skin barrier.
Note: This information is compiled from established medical sources for educational purposes. Individual results vary, and what works for one person may not work for another. For personalized skincare recommendations, especially for medical skin conditions, consult a board-certified dermatologist.