Makeup Safety
FDA guidance and dermatologist recommendations for safer makeup use, proper hygiene, and ingredient awareness.
FDA Cosmetic Regulations
Source: U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
- Cosmetics do not require FDA approval before going to market, but must be safe for consumers
- Color additives in cosmetics must be FDA-approved for their intended use
- The FDA prohibits the use of certain ingredients in cosmetics
- Cosmetic products must be properly labeled with ingredients listed in descending order
- Adverse reactions to cosmetics can be reported to the FDA
- "Hypoallergenic" has no federal standardâproducts can still cause reactions
Product Expiration Guidelines
Source: FDA / American Academy of Dermatology
General guidelines for when to replace cosmetics, even if not officially expired.
| Product | Timeframe | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Mascara & Liquid Eyeliner | 3 months | High bacteria risk near eyes |
| Liquid Foundation | 6-12 months | Water content promotes bacteria growth |
| Cream Products | 6-12 months | Water and oil can separate and harbor bacteria |
| Powder Products | 1-2 years | Lower moisture means lower bacteria risk |
| Lipstick | 1-2 years | Signs of expiration include smell changes or texture changes |
| Pencil Products | 1-2 years | Sharpening removes surface bacteria |
Hygiene Practices
Source: American Academy of Dermatology
Never share eye makeup productsâthis can spread bacteria and infections
Wash hands before applying makeup to avoid transferring bacteria
Clean makeup brushes regularly; the AAD suggests weekly for brushes used around eyes
Replace makeup sponges frequently as they can harbor bacteria
Don't add water or saliva to products to rewet them
Store makeup in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight
Discard any product that changes in color, smell, or texture
Eye Makeup Safety
Source: FDA
Color additives not approved for use around the eyes should not be used there
Kohl, kajal, and surma may contain lead and are not FDA-approved
Don't apply makeup while driving or in a moving vehicle
Remove all eye makeup before sleeping
If you develop an eye infection, discard all eye makeup and applicators
Contact lens wearers should apply makeup after inserting lenses
Makeup for Sensitive Skin
Source: American Academy of Dermatology
- â˘Fragrance is the most common cause of cosmetic contact dermatitis
- â˘The AAD recommends fragrance-free products for sensitive skin
- â˘Preservatives can also cause reactions in sensitive individuals
- â˘Patch testing new products on a small area can help identify reactions
- â˘"Dermatologist tested" doesn't mean the product won't cause reactions
- â˘Mineral makeup may be better tolerated by some with sensitive skin
Ingredient Awareness
Common ingredient categories and what to know about them.
Preservatives
Examples: Parabens, phenoxyethanol, formaldehyde-releasers
FDA considers parabens safe at levels used in cosmetics; some individuals may have sensitivities
Fragrances
Examples: Listed as "fragrance" or "parfum"
Most common cause of cosmetic allergic reactions according to the AAD
Color Additives
Examples: FD&C colors, D&C colors, lakes
Must be FDA-approved; some are restricted from use around eyes or lips
Sunscreen Ingredients
Examples: Avobenzone, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide
FDA-regulated as over-the-counter drugs when SPF claims are made
Note: If you experience a reaction to a cosmetic product, discontinue use immediately. Severe reactions should be evaluated by a healthcare provider. You can report adverse reactions to the FDA at fda.gov/cosmetics.